What Preeclampsia Is

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication marked by high blood pressure accompanied by protein in the urine (proteinuria), generally appearing after the 20th week of gestation. It stems from placental abnormalities that trigger inflammatory responses and damage to the mother's blood vessels.

High blood pressure in preeclampsia usually develops slowly, so mothers often do not notice it until a routine antenatal checkup. Beyond raising blood pressure, preeclampsia can impair vital organs such as the kidneys, liver, lungs, brain, and the placenta itself.

Recognize the Early Symptoms

Obstetrician-gynecologist Dr. Hafi Nurinasari, Sp.OG., of Sebelas Maret University Hospital reminds mothers-to-be to recognize warning signs of preeclampsia: high blood pressure, persistent headache or dizziness, swelling of the face, hands, and feet, blurred vision, upper abdominal pain, and a weak, unwell feeling.

Women experiencing one or more of these symptoms should immediately visit a doctor or health facility for early examination and treatment. Do not wait for symptoms to worsen.

The Danger of Late Treatment

Untreated preeclampsia can progress to eclampsia — seizures in pregnant women that risk the lives of both mother and fetus. Data shows preeclampsia remains a leading cause of maternal death in Indonesia, contributing about 26.9% of all maternal deaths.

Severe preeclampsia also risks liver dysfunction, low platelet counts, breathing difficulty from fluid in the lungs, and reduced blood flow to the fetus, which can trigger premature birth.

Early Detection Through Routine Checkups

Routine antenatal care (ANC) is the key to early detection. Through regular blood pressure and urine checks, health workers can catch early signs before they develop into severe complications.

Mothers are also advised to maintain a healthy lifestyle, get enough rest, and follow all medical advice. Women with a history of hypertension or preeclampsia in previous pregnancies should inform their doctor early so monitoring can be intensified. A balanced diet, adequate rest, and avoiding smoking and alcohol further support a healthy pregnancy and lower complication risks.