277,000 ARI Cases Across 7 Fire-Affected Provinces

Indonesia's Health Ministry (Kemenkes) has recorded 277,075 cases of acute respiratory infections (known locally as ISPA) in areas affected by forest and land fires (karhutla). The figure comes from the Health Emergency Operations Center (PHEOC) report covering 63 districts/cities in seven provinces as of October 12, 2026.

The Ministry explained that "karhutla smoke contains fine PM2.5 particles, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and toxic organic compounds." Exposure can cause respiratory infections, eye and skin irritation, worsen asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Toddlers Most Vulnerable to Smoke

Of the total, 62,400 cases — about 22.5 percent — affected toddlers aged 0–5. Children are among the groups needing extra protection, alongside the elderly, pregnant women, people with asthma or COPD, and outdoor workers.

The Ministry says more than 13 million residents are at risk of health impacts from smoke exposure. ARI cases have more than doubled from 113,336 in early September 2026 — a sign of a worsening health crisis as the fires spread.

Hazardous Content in Karhutla Smoke

Fine PM2.5 particles in karhutla smoke are the main concern because their size allows them to penetrate deep into the respiratory system. Health risks rise when people are exposed to smoke for long periods or live in areas with poor air quality.

The Health Ministry urges residents in affected areas to limit smoke exposure. When air quality deteriorates, outdoor activities should be reduced and adequate masks become an important step to cut health risks.

Health Ministry's Field Response

To handle the karhutla impact, the Health Ministry has deployed 2,106 medical and health workers and distributed medical supplies, including 2,892,040 masks, 280 oxygen concentrators, 41,000 pairs of medical gloves, 4,908 pieces of personal protective equipment, plus medicines and vitamins.

The Ministry has also readied 1,691 community health centers (puskesmas) and 36 referral hospitals to serve affected communities. Health posts, oxygen rooms, and the "Oase Udara" (Air Oasis) program in parts of Kalimantan are provided to supply oxygen to residents suffering shortness of breath.